{"id":7345,"date":"2016-05-13T17:00:04","date_gmt":"2016-05-13T22:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/maxwellhalsted.publish.uic.edu\/?page_id=7345"},"modified":"2020-11-27T14:33:12","modified_gmt":"2020-11-27T20:33:12","slug":"african-americans","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/home\/race-colonies\/african-americans\/","title":{"rendered":"AFRICAN AMERICAN: LAKE STREET"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/mto65lgvc0ckrk7qz6y76wsaiansgki6\"><em>African-Americans Of Chicago&#8217;s West Side<\/em> by Christopher Robert Reed<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>PHOTO GALLERY<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/hqqo5fd9zsh0ojwuuasjq98e6iidzai6\">African Americans: Lake Street<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>COLOR LINE:\u00a0<em>CHICAGO DEFENDER<\/em>\u00a0(1912-1914)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/07\/3111.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8767\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/07\/3111-157x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/07\/3111-157x300.jpg 157w, https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/07\/3111.jpg 406w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/azcxq8ca5yswekrzxk8xl9did60dhzi9\"><em>The Chicago Defender and the West Side<\/em> by Wendy Plotkin<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/nk04rn3ew3cv7rxs7ogtwb6rfiwd8umj\">Chicago&#8217;s Jim Crow Jail (1912)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/hc584pc2ltqgl16n1eet0hhakwddkwme\">Ella Flagg Young Opposes Jim Crow Schools (1912)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/g48d9iw16ugt3lxjnwe6q8swac3uez7z\">Colored Waiters Draw Color Line On Woman Of Race (1913)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/uu6wzf2o0qk8zcz3ae0d7r7q0ohav1i3\">Chief Justice Olsen Kills Color Line (1914)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/f0owc8z282x0ipnsfcsqve0paqlerhqx\">Teachers Draw Color Line In Public Schools (1914)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>COLOR LINE:\u00a0<em>CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(1901-1912)<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/4128.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-13599\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/4128-300x286.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/4128-300x286.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/4128-768x732.jpg 768w, https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/4128.jpg 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/4139.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-13600\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/4139-300x244.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/4139-300x244.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/4139.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/1aaor9v2fv412hog7pvitfjnk52ale5n\">Surprise South by Color Line (1901)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/8q2ul9wj7yhjhs7e3yk2sxou2u3sleqg\">Vote Against Color Line (1901)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/6kye2i0ogklsrjdoa8c3bvgzul1xz9mn\">Color Line Trips Women (1902)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/jom5nq1shz1eyq5h5dv8ao9pzag8a1le\">Women Rule On Color Problem (1902)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/00dh3jx6541x4keat62t8zqggoyozlvu\">Color Line Kills Union (1903)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/s6jd2po4unemdyw8v15utsjow26btjoa\">Negro Problem Harder Now (1903)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/5jpgqa79gl1phv8qbtulax30k1xk55yd\">Negro Question In Chicago (1903)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/nra5yb7wci3jgan6sn3gsctk2n3coj8f\">Race Prejudice Invades Schools (1903)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/sh8aavrumrq181znmvn9wk6bz3oca8yp\">Negroes Reveal Success Secrets (1912)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>RACE PREJUDICE: NEGRO IN CHICAGO (1862-1913)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/INDUSTRIAL-COOKS-e1495569476964.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/INDUSTRIAL-COOKS-e1495569476964.jpg\" width=\"427\" height=\"339\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/fzw7he50qmq3qlgv6nifycp6twoq2jbw\">Negro Labor Question in Chicago (1862)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/0rixw9b5sqr1vn0rjc0x966we4p8y2a1\">Colored Men Of Chicago (1870)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/gn9mimoo4b17agbnq6lbaetfsolmlgih\">Colored Presbyterians In Chicago, Why Not! (1885)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/ak3p7vn87mk41k9vvs1i32c4yrmcu91h\">The Inferior or Subject Race (1887)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/dd62v6xhbeogdyxff78u8u7paukdelga\">Race Prejudice in Chicago: In Some Restaurants (1897)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/ccf8il7uo6yr6cjdwsecsg4xzx5791n9\">The Race Problem is Solving Itself in this City (1890)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/mxvunoq9e2pm0mzgd5yloqva1xmlmv9z\">They Reach Success In Business (1897)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/9cttw0xpxonl7yl5zqejm4fcp1aq5cwj\">Bars Alien Colored Clubs, Baseball (1910)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/jg95g4qkkyrg2ln0xgnb3mv51g547i4b\">Predicts the End of Negro Race (1913)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>WEST-SIDE NEWS:\u00a0<em>CHICAGO DEFENDER<\/em>\u00a0(1915-1922)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/BOY-SCOUTS-e1495569715940.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/BOY-SCOUTS-e1495569715940.jpg\" width=\"448\" height=\"404\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/3ry9n5uocb9dxa29dpkhy7hvfqsr47ug\">Jan2-With West-Siders (1915)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/pgz0yn28gd6adi72lkd6n11892ysjr2l\">Jan9-With West-Siders (1915)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/9grfeolq1g6bl2zy5e5fqn2l0ga22qrb\">Jan23-With West-Siders (1915)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/xbb1bkml09njgq6vluhxb592ltjk0an7\">Feb13-With West-Siders (1915)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/8kilutqn67ehkh8o7yfif7m2d2lzz6nz\">Mar20-With West-Siders (1915)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/nhcis161hzo2tzsqxkwurgmyrhi1nzzt\">Aug5-West Side News (1919)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/pw4kd7rwrlq690amuj3684kq9fk5yw68\">Aug30-West Side News (1919)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/ocgmwgecdnpn0yqsw3hpteltc9n0motj\">Feb4-West Side News (1922)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/gi2ojzbx8x1y15zjh3rfpsh2icfu1wix\">Feb11-West Side News (1922)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/f8ar2qtb7rrhlvbz72l1hskieagrw7jt\">Feb18-West Side News (1922)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/hoav4np00wum8vbb6gr0e7d9lqxxinr5\">Mar4-West Side News (1922)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>HARRIET RICE\u00a0AT HULL-HOUSE<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/INFANT-WELFARE-SOCIETY-NURSE-e1495570150982.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/INFANT-WELFARE-SOCIETY-NURSE-e1495570150982.jpg\" width=\"313\" height=\"465\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/9b7hevmq03pvf0wuzixy5f0fwc10qco4\"><em>Who was Harriet Rice<\/em> by Dwayne Alexander<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/vtrka8z02d6eiaxo9fc5glkhkrk2341k\">Letter to Miss Jane Addams, 1928<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/jrdur7hl4y0hq5tj3c0z3bjr8exnypw0\">Letter to Miss Mary, 1933<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>AFRICAN-AMERICAN SETTLEMENT HOUSE<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/zc33tumvyiro16do8uq5waihprlkm8qp\"><em>Wendell Phillips Settlement House<\/em> by Dwayne Alexander and Wendy Plotkin<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>JANE ADDAMS, HULL HOUSE, AND RACE-RELATIONS (1912-1931)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/SEWING-CLASS-e1495570320134.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/SEWING-CLASS-e1495570320134.jpg\" width=\"325\" height=\"401\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/3cqbkh3wwp1caajk7u6mtkn1zivem0eh\"><em>Jane Addams, Race Relations, and Hull-House<\/em> by Wendy Plotkin<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/pp8exnojto9u7vk4pir3xpyyqqz3f5zl\">Jews Come To Assistance (1912)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/3njve1yqt1oj8r1h82uq8ze8z9czuzng\">Birth Of A Nation (1915)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/egrtg7tsme7rxmxg35c5kj7xhsqbfnym\">NAACP At Hull-House (1912)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/q7sfprbsrk2tqu4r8ubqsaykeu0dfpv2\">Jane Addams Bold Stand (1912)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/rcourfo9zt77lp4e4k7wvx0pi537chtu\">Social Work Conference (1926)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/1qat3nejnsiod69fro50w4sqz26tm392\">The Progressive Party and The Negro by Jane Addams (1912)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/2ywylomtb05rojyqgl8rl23rbw7iemne\"><strong>W.E.B DuBois To Jane Addams (1931)<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>THE NEGRO\u00a0IN CHICAGO (1896-1922)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/3Housing-CC15-e1495570722288.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/3Housing-CC15-e1495570722288.jpg\" width=\"410\" height=\"249\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/kh5zpvvgp0bmlq2gmfcepw8o9ub9purk\">Race Traits and Tendencies of the American Negro by Frederick L. Hoffman (1896)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/b9292sknn3xclvjvdakbswm4jdx4mfs2\">Crime Among the Negros in Chicago by Monroe N. Work (1900)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/5l8zmer71rrcg0yyrz7b5r77elrw0tzp\">Police Power: Schools for White and Colored Persons, The Yale Law Journal (1906)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/ip4fgskyu7vdy0tozifmzor75wbyf44e\"><strong>The Negro Problem Viewed Across the Color Line by Walter L. Fleming (1910)<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/tpq77mnvbtn23lviqza2b58e0gkg1i62\">The Claim Of The Colored Child by Booker T. Washington (1911)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/y45os1tvr37x59deroimdyj72wo6r50v\">Chicago Housing Conditions: The Problem Of The Negro by Alzada P. Comstock (1912)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/fwn6ptvaabzgrsex5u23jtdwfl6yqzd3\">The Colored People Of Chicago by Elizabeth De Koven Bowen (1913)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/n1hye1vtm90dkxe8xqbrzsh9drhw8wag\">The Negro in Chicago by Junius B. Wood (1916)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/vwzrfyzvnrlp65397xortgmvh8938dkt\">The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot by The Chicago Commission on Race Relations (1922)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>THE CHICAGO RACE RIOT (1919)<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/3467a-.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13601\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/3467a--300x157.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"344\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/3467a--300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/3467a--768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/3467a--1000x523.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/3467a-.jpg 1007w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/3471b.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13602\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/3471b-300x294.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"310\" height=\"304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/3471b-300x294.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/3471b.jpg 502w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/pclgu6vrltxttr7iky8blt41l3a2k8bd\"><em>The Chicago Race Riot<\/em> by Dwayne Alexander<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/6fgu2plt8ot3vt7tj6lbzlo14ebq7ef9\">Chicago Race Riot 1919: Photo Gallery<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEDICAL TRAINING IN CHICAGO<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2015\/05\/2496.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1757\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2015\/05\/2496-300x260.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2015\/05\/2496-300x260.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2015\/05\/2496.jpg 453w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/0938-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-13605\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/0938-1-300x291.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/0938-1-300x291.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2016\/05\/0938-1.jpg 547w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/1zhu6k2icuj8qqw15zvhfzsdb1n2brun\"><em>West-Side Medical Institutions and African-Americans<\/em> by Wendy Plotkin<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/r8jojj0lp9erlpvl2qhq8a7s4teqpqj1\">African-American Chicago Medical Institutions: Photo Gallery<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>POPULAR CARTOONS &#8220;COONS&#8221; AND &#8220;COLORED&#8221;:\u00a0<em>&#8220;NO OFFENSE INTENDED&#8221;<\/em> (1860-1904)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/888-AN-UNLEARNED-FOLLOWER-Life-illus-e1495567296989.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/888-AN-UNLEARNED-FOLLOWER-Life-illus-e1495567296989.jpg\" width=\"443\" height=\"564\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nAfter the Civil War, cartooning stereotypes of African-American buffoons without the intelligence presumed to be \u00a0required for participation in U.S. citizenship became a graphic best seller. In the glowing colored prints of the\u00a0<em>Darktown<\/em> series (1879-1890) a mythic village of emancipated Blacks engaged in self-defeating infantile antics.<\/p>\n<p>Lithographer printers Currier and Ives sharply honed the tomfoolery of a frenetic throng of colored folk imbued by stupidity. One single print in the popular <em>Darktown<\/em> series of 75 images sold 73,000 copies, adorning parlor walls in white middle-class homes. In one frame,\u00a0a\u00a0call to the Darktown fire department sent out with great fanfare a clownish circus of volunteers entertaining themselves with frenetic gymnastics.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/98web4ctsxrt5sebqv5aeuwped4wxehm\">Darktown Fire Brigade<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>E.W. Kemble, a contributor and staff political cartoonist for major magazines in the later nineteenth century, first pictured a childish superstitious \u201cNigger Jim\u201d in Mark Twain\u2019s<em> Adventures of Huckleberry Finn<\/em> (1884). Kemble went on to build a solid reputation for race drawings including the publication of A<em>\u00a0Coon Alphabet<\/em> (1898) featuring the ludicrous slap-stick consequences of Black America\u2019s abysmal ignorance of basic knowledge for protection of life and limb.<\/p>\n<p class=\"alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/06\/KEMBLES-COONS-COVER-1896-e1498837370948.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/06\/KEMBLES-COONS-COVER-1896-e1498837370948.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"239\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/06\/COMICAL-COONS-1898-e1498837413907.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/06\/COMICAL-COONS-1898-e1498837413907.jpg\" width=\"325\" height=\"254\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cartoonish images of \u00a0&#8220;Mammy&#8221; and &#8220;Aunt Jemima&#8221; (pancakes: &#8220;slave in a box&#8221;) from the later-nineteenth century played more positive nurturing roles in commercial advertisements targeted at the kitchen and food-way consumption patterns of middle-class white families. The exploited images of maternal Black women were consistently obsequious and persistently demeaning.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/07\/Aunt-Jemima.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/files\/2017\/07\/Aunt-Jemima.jpg\" width=\"352\" height=\"317\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Among ethnic and nationality groups, only the caricaturing of \u201ccelestials\u201d and \u00a0the \u201cheathen Chinese\u201d compared with African-Americans in irredeemable racial bias. \u00a0 bjb<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/y907pa6hrxlpcxoug45hczntngh4jg6d\">Pomp &amp; Circumstance (1860)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/a6rryq4h630vf4h00lzz9br6top6tqyg\">Something Of A Change (1861)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/l2x0kg9rk9dql1sh4206fnskpphykze6\">A Prospective Prospect\u00a0(1862)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/xuh8yz60o7y4t3b7fs3c4ilsia763ytz\">Latest From Ethiopia (1862)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/d8xdr4gfm6u5o4go8qgpbiyx37b3zxt4\">First Bicycle In Remusville\u00a0(1885)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/44crac7lij0oq8840qash1heqgkm9qqy\">An Unlearned Follower (1888)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/7rmjyof722cl3a74imwj771n33cnf25a\">One-Horse Power (1888)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/elxd1we2bkq07w48dcu0gs9ssquk94sr\">No Offense Intended (1889)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/cznmriqpnhzjsbqyo6b1tsqk9xbh9b29\">Race Prejudice (1890)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/tbjt6fjwcbtrdpve9gwfeogy68y8mril\">A Brooklyn Episode (1892)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/ocyzyfhdrjjexetbkz4gjt5af4hz7l51\">A Satisfactory Experiment (1893)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/n2cpvnvf0m0j1udztundtr1dbflttr8j\">A Punishment That Failed (1894)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/oz9zgsb1xsz4fulmcgfkh9f299o1d8yu\">The Nigger In The Fence (1894)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/odhtejcmomtl4d2j3xaqd5kdz5i5e6ap\">A Cat&#8217;s Paw (1895)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/msdmlzifhe3relt14c0dgis5wyy0h300\">Mr. Wolberton (1897)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/rojt2ztob7u9r4b4f5a14ooybe5remg6\">Lady&#8217;s Permission- Life (The Strategy 1899)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/c5c2pveiwv1bydosvzy6fzw4bau4uolz\">Sorrows Of Three Coons (1903)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uofi.box.com\/s\/serzbbbu5qlca2jdl7uuxkwkwu3s3sjp\">Politics In The Zoo (1904)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>INTRODUCTION African-Americans Of Chicago&#8217;s West Side by Christopher Robert Reed PHOTO GALLERY African Americans: Lake Street COLOR LINE:\u00a0CHICAGO DEFENDER\u00a0(1912-1914) The Chicago Defender and the West Side by Wendy Plotkin Chicago&#8217;s Jim Crow Jail (1912) Ella Flagg Young Opposes Jim Crow Schools (1912) Colored Waiters Draw Color Line On Woman Of Race (1913) Chief Justice Olsen<\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/home\/race-colonies\/african-americans\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":981,"featured_media":0,"parent":7341,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7345"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/981"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7345"}],"version-history":[{"count":128,"href":"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7345\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21426,"href":"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7345\/revisions\/21426"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxwellhalsted.uic.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}